# Gaming Community Malware Distribution: Defensive Threat Intelligence Report

**Date:** March 2026
**Scope:** 2025-2026 threat landscape
**Classification:** Defensive Threat Intelligence

---

## Executive Summary

Gaming communities have become the single largest attack surface for infostealer malware distribution. Research by Flare analyzing 50,000+ infected devices found that **41.47% of all infostealer infections originated from gaming-related files**, making gaming the #1 lure category for threat actors in 2025. The first half of 2025 saw an **800% increase in credential theft via infostealers**, with 1.8 billion credentials stolen. Gaming-specific lures (cheats, mod menus, aimbots, skin changers) accounted for over 50% of gaming-related infections.

The dominant malware families are operated as **Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS)** — Lumma Stealer, StealC, RedLine, Raccoon, and Vidar — responsible for 75%+ of infections. The attack chain is industrialized: developers sell subscriptions, affiliates ("traffers") distribute via gaming communities, and stolen credentials are sold on dark markets.

---

## 1. Distribution Methods and Platforms

### 1.1 YouTube — "Ghost Network" Campaign

The single largest documented gaming malware operation in 2025. Check Point Research identified a campaign that **hijacked legitimate YouTube accounts** to post tutorial videos promising free game cheats, cracked software, and Roblox hacks.

- **Scale:** 3,000+ malicious videos identified; output tripled in 2025 vs. prior years
- **Structure:** Three-tier operation — some accounts posted videos, others flooded comments with fake praise, a third set posted community links with download URLs and passwords
- **Lures:** Roblox hacks (380M monthly active players), Fortnite cheats, cracked software (Photoshop, FL Studio)
- **Delivery:** Viewers instructed to disable antivirus, then download archives from Dropbox, Google Drive, or MediaFire
- **Payloads:** Rhadamanthys and Lumma infostealers
- **Takedown:** Google and Check Point collaborated to remove the network in October 2025

### 1.2 Discord — Invite Hijacking and Fake Beta Testing

Discord is abused through multiple vectors:

**Expired Invite Link Hijacking:**
- Check Point Research discovered attackers re-registering expired vanity invite links
- Users clicking trusted links from legitimate sources were silently redirected to malicious servers
- Payloads: AsyncRAT, Skuld Stealer, ChromeKatz

**"Try My Game" / Fake Beta Testing Scam:**
- Victims receive DMs from compromised accounts asking if they want to beta test a "new game"
- Download links provided via Dropbox, Catbox, or Discord CDN
- Archives contain NSIS or MSI installers delivering Nova Stealer, Ageo Stealer, or Hexon Stealer
- Targets: Discord tokens, browser credentials, cryptocurrency wallets
- Notable case: An NFT artist lost $170,000 in crypto and NFTs within hours
- Download counts from hosting repos exceeded 1,300 per campaign

**Discord CDN Abuse:**
- Malware hosted directly on Discord's CDN using compromised accounts
- Links appear more trustworthy because they originate from discord.com domains

### 1.3 Steam — Malicious Games and Workshop Mods

**PirateFi Incident (February 2025):**
- Free-to-play survival game on Steam Store for ~1 week (Feb 6-12, 2025)
- Built by modifying the "Easy Survival RPG" template — was never a legitimate game
- Contained Vidar infostealer packed in InnoSetup installer (Pirate.exe -> Howard.exe)
- ~1,500 downloads before removal
- Vidar used Dead Drop Resolvers on Telegram, Mastodon, and Steam profiles for C2
- Stolen browser cookies enabled session hijacking without passwords/2FA
- Victims' accounts then used to send phishing to contacts on Steam, Discord, email
- **FBI opened investigation** and sought victims publicly
- Valve responded reactively; sent notifications to affected users

**Steam Workshop — People Playground Worm (February 2026):**
- Malicious mod "FPS++" uploaded to People Playground's Steam Workshop
- Functioned as a worm: when activated, it replaced existing mods with infected copies
- Destroyed save files and Steam achievements
- Developer disabled Workshop entirely (Feb 1), released security update, re-enabled (Feb 6)
- Highlighted that **Valve does not perform universal antivirus vetting** of Workshop uploads

**Systemic Gaps:**
- Valve has only ~79 employees assigned to Steam (as of last public data) — small for a platform serving tens of millions
- Moderation is largely reactive; action taken after malware reaches users
- External links to Discord servers allowed in game listings create additional attack surface

### 1.4 GitHub and Code Repositories

**Webrat (2025):**
- Initially distributed as cheats for Rust, Counter-Strike, and Roblox
- Later expanded to target security researchers via fake PoC exploits
- Capabilities: credential theft, crypto wallet access, webcam/microphone spying, keylogging, Steam/Discord/Telegram data theft

**Blitz (2025):**
- Distributed through backdoored game cheats on Telegram channel (@sw1zzx_dev)
- Targeted players of mobile game Standoff 2
- C2 infrastructure hosted on Hugging Face Spaces (AI code repository)

**Vidar 2.0:**
- Distributed via fake game cheats on GitHub and Reddit
- Operated by Acronis-tracked campaign using both platforms for distribution

### 1.5 Mod Distribution Platforms (CurseForge, Modrinth)

**Fractureiser (June 2023 — legacy but foundational):**
- Multiple CurseForge and Bukkit accounts compromised
- Malicious code injected into popular mods/plugins, picked up by modpacks like "Better Minecraft" (4.6M downloads)
- Multi-stage, multi-platform (Windows + Linux) infostealer
- Capabilities: clipboard crypto-address swapping, Minecraft/Discord token theft, browser credential theft
- Led to creation of community detection tools and improved platform security
- CurseForge and Modrinth both enhanced their scanning post-incident

### 1.6 Fake Client/Launcher Websites

**Lunar Client Impersonation:**
- Fake websites mimicking lunarclient.com distribute malware or credential phishing
- Fake Discord bots with altered Lunar Client logos send links to phishing sites
- Scam pages prompt Microsoft email entry, then use verification codes to hijack accounts
- Legitimate domains: lunarclient.com, moonsworth.com, overwolf.com only

### 1.7 Telegram Channels

- Used by Blitz developer to distribute backdoored cheats
- CS2 skin scams increasingly spread through Telegram and Discord bots
- Fake giveaways, phishing links, and fake investment offers

---

## 2. Malware Families Targeting Gamers

| Family | Type | Distribution | Notable Traits |
|--------|------|-------------|----------------|
| **Lumma Stealer** | MaaS Infostealer | YouTube, Discord, fake cheats | 394K+ PCs infected (Mar-May 2025); tracked as Storm-2477 by Microsoft |
| **Vidar** | Infostealer | Steam games (PirateFi), GitHub, fake cheats | Dead Drop Resolvers on Telegram/Steam profiles; Vidar 2.0 emerged after Lumma disruption |
| **RedLine** | Infostealer | Fake cheats ("Cheat Lab"), GitHub | Self-propagating variant asked victims to recruit friends |
| **StealC** | Infostealer | Gaming cheats | $135K+ stolen assets via gaming infection chains |
| **Raccoon** | Infostealer | Roblox mods, game cracks | Common in Roblox ecosystem |
| **Rhadamanthys** | Infostealer | YouTube Ghost Network | Delivered via GachiLoader with novel VEH-based PE injection |
| **Webrat** | RAT/Backdoor | GitHub repos, fake game cheats | Evolved from gaming cheats to fake security PoCs |
| **Blitz** | Malware | Telegram, game cheats | Hosted C2 on Hugging Face Spaces |
| **AsyncRAT** | RAT | Discord invite hijacking | Full remote access capability |
| **Skuld Stealer** | Infostealer | Discord campaigns | Targets credentials and Discord tokens |
| **GodLoader** | Loader | Godot engine abuse | Undetected by nearly all AV engines on VirusTotal |
| **RenEngine** | Loader | Pirated game installers | 400K+ systems compromised; 30K+ in US alone |
| **Stealka** | Infostealer | Roblox executors, game cracks | Kaspersky-discovered; targets younger users |
| **Myth Stealer** | Infostealer | Fake gaming sites | Rust-based; targets Chrome/Firefox |

---

## 3. Infection Chain — End-to-End

### Typical Flow:

```
1. LURE CREATION
   - Threat actor creates YouTube video / Discord message / GitHub repo
   - Content promises: free cheats, game cracks, skin changers, Robux generators
   - Social proof manufactured: fake comments, likes, download counts

2. TRAFFIC ROUTING
   - Victim clicks link in video description / Discord DM / GitHub README
   - Routed through Linkvertise or similar ad-gate services (monetization + obfuscation)
   - May pass through Prometheus TDS (Traffic Distribution System) on compromised sites
   - Final landing: MediaFire, Mega.nz, Dropbox, Google Drive, Discord CDN

3. SOCIAL ENGINEERING
   - Instructions to disable antivirus ("required for the cheat to work")
   - Password-protected archives (evades automated scanning)
   - Sometimes partially functional tools included to build trust

4. INITIAL EXECUTION
   - Archive contains installer (NSIS, MSI, InnoSetup) or direct executable
   - May use game engines as loaders (Godot/GDScript, Ren'Py, Lua runtime)
   - GachiLoader uses Node.js with Vectored Exception Handler abuse
   - Batch files, Lua scripts, or compiled binaries serve as first stage

5. PAYLOAD DELIVERY
   - Loader contacts C2 via Dead Drop Resolvers (Telegram, Steam profiles, Mastodon)
   - Downloads final payload: Lumma, Vidar, RedLine, Rhadamanthys, etc.
   - Modular architecture allows payload swaps without changing initial vector

6. DATA EXFILTRATION
   - Browser passwords, cookies, session tokens
   - Discord tokens, Steam sessions
   - Cryptocurrency wallet data
   - Clipboard monitoring for crypto address swapping
   - Screenshots, keylogging, webcam access (Webrat)

7. PROPAGATION
   - Stolen accounts used to send malicious links to victim's contacts
   - Self-spreading variants (RedLine "Cheat Lab") incentivize victims to recruit
   - Steam Workshop worms replicate by replacing existing mods
```

---

## 4. Trust-Building and Social Engineering Tactics

1. **Manufactured social proof:** Fake YouTube comments, likes, and community posts create illusion of legitimacy
2. **Hijacked legitimate accounts:** Compromised YouTube channels with existing subscriber bases used to post malware videos
3. **Partially functional tools:** Cheats that actually work (at least initially) while silently running malware
4. **Friend-to-friend spreading:** Stolen accounts send links that appear to come from trusted friends
5. **Recruitment incentives:** RedLine variant promised "free cheat copy if you get friends to install"
6. **Professional presentation:** Fake games like PirateFi built using real game templates with store pages, screenshots
7. **Targeting young users:** Roblox-focused campaigns exploit children who are less security-aware; promise free Robux
8. **Impersonation of legitimate tools:** Fake Lunar Client, fake mod loaders, fake game launchers mimicking real products
9. **Urgency and exclusivity:** "Limited beta test" invitations, time-limited offers
10. **Anti-AV normalization:** Gaming community culture where disabling antivirus for cheats is common and expected

---

## 5. Games and Communities Most Targeted

**Tier 1 — Highest Targeting:**
- **Roblox** — 380M monthly active players, younger demographic, executor/mod culture
- **Minecraft** — Massive modding ecosystem, CurseForge/Modrinth supply chain
- **Counter-Strike 2** — Skin trading economy worth billions, cheat culture
- **Fortnite** — Huge player base, active cheat-seeking community
- **Grand Theft Auto** — Mod menus, cracked versions, GTA Online cheats

**Tier 2 — Significant Targeting:**
- **Valorant** — Anti-cheat (Vanguard) drives users to seek external cheats
- **Rust** — Active cheat market
- **Roblox (mobile games)** — Standoff 2 specifically targeted by Blitz
- **People Playground** — Steam Workshop worm incident

**Why These Games:**
- Large player bases = larger victim pools
- Active modding/cheating cultures = users accustomed to downloading external tools
- Virtual economies (skins, Robux, V-Bucks) = direct monetization of stolen accounts
- Young demographics = less security awareness

---

## 6. Scale and Success Metrics

| Metric | Value | Source |
|--------|-------|--------|
| Gaming-related infection share | 41.47% of all infostealer infections | Flare Research |
| Credentials stolen H1 2025 | 1.8 billion | Multiple sources |
| Lumma infections (Mar-May 2025) | 394,000+ Windows PCs | Microsoft |
| RenEngine compromises | 400,000+ globally; 30,000+ in US | Cyderes |
| YouTube Ghost Network videos | 3,000+ malicious videos | Check Point |
| PirateFi downloads | ~1,500 | Valve/Steam |
| Credential theft increase | 800% in H1 2025 | Flare Research |
| StealC gaming-related theft | $135,000+ in stolen assets | Industry reports |
| Top MaaS market share | Lumma + StealC + RedLine = 75%+ of infections | KELA |

---

## 7. Platform Defenses and Gaps

### Steam/Valve
- **Defenses:** Community reporting/flagging, ML-based anomalous code detection, trade protection (7-day lock on traded skins), post-incident user notifications
- **Gaps:** Tiny moderation team (~79 for all of Steam), reactive not proactive, no universal antivirus scanning of Workshop uploads, external links in game listings exploitable, Easy Survival RPG-style template abuse not caught

### Discord
- **Defenses:** Content moderation, link scanning, CDN abuse reporting
- **Gaps:** Expired vanity invite links can be re-registered by attackers, CDN still abused for malware hosting, DM-based scams difficult to moderate at scale

### YouTube/Google
- **Defenses:** Automated content moderation, account security measures, collaborated with Check Point to remove Ghost Network
- **Gaps:** Hijacked legitimate accounts bypass trust signals, comment manipulation creates false credibility, download links in descriptions route to external hosting

### CurseForge/Modrinth
- **Defenses:** Enhanced scanning post-Fractureiser, detection tools released, infected files removed
- **Gaps:** Account compromise of mod authors can bypass content scanning, supply chain attacks through popular modpacks

### GitHub
- **Defenses:** Community reporting, some automated scanning
- **Gaps:** Fake PoCs and game cheats hosted freely, minimal vetting of repository contents, stars/forks can be manipulated

---

## 8. Emerging Trends for 2026

1. **Post-Lumma vacuum:** After Microsoft's disruption of Lumma infrastructure and developer doxxing (Aug-Oct 2025), Vidar 2.0 has emerged to fill the gap
2. **Game engine abuse:** GodLoader (Godot), RenEngine (Ren'Py), and Node.js-based loaders evade traditional AV by using legitimate game runtime environments
3. **AI-hosted infrastructure:** Blitz malware hosting C2 on Hugging Face Spaces — legitimate AI platforms as blind spots
4. **Convergence of gaming and crypto:** Fake blockchain games deliver both gaming and crypto-focused malware simultaneously
5. **Mobile gaming expansion:** Standoff 2 targeting shows shift toward mobile game communities
6. **Infostealer consolidation:** The entire attack chain is converging around infostealers as the primary payload, with gaming as the primary distribution channel
7. **Session hijacking over credential theft:** Cookie/token theft enables account access without passwords or 2FA, making traditional authentication defenses less effective

---

## Sources

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