diff --git a/src/kernel/core/vm/vm.c b/src/kernel/core/vm/vm.c
index 255d124bf2..059930d829 100755
--- a/src/kernel/core/vm/vm.c
+++ b/src/kernel/core/vm/vm.c
@@ -82,15 +82,17 @@ static vm_region *vm_virtual_map_lookup(vm_virtual_map *map, addr_t address);
 //static void vm_region_release_ref(vm_region *region);
 //static void vm_region_release_ref2(vm_region *region);
 
-static int region_compare(void *_r, const void *key)
+
+static int
+region_compare(void *_r, const void *key)
 {
 	vm_region *r = _r;
 	const region_id *id = key;
 
-	if(r->id == *id)
+	if (r->id == *id)
 		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+
+	return -1;
 }
 
 
@@ -100,10 +102,10 @@ region_hash(void *_r, const void *key, uint32 range)
 	vm_region *r = _r;
 	const region_id *id = key;
 
-	if(r != NULL)
-		return (r->id % range);
-	else
-		return (*id % range);
+	if (r != NULL)
+		return r->id % range;
+
+	return *id % range;
 }
 
 
@@ -113,10 +115,10 @@ aspace_compare(void *_a, const void *key)
 	vm_address_space *aspace = _a;
 	const aspace_id *id = key;
 
-	if(aspace->id == *id)
+	if (aspace->id == *id)
 		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
+
+	return -1;
 }
 
 
@@ -171,12 +173,15 @@ region_id vm_find_region_by_name(aspace_id aid, const char *name)
 	acquire_sem_etc(aspace->virtual_map.sem, READ_COUNT, 0, 0);
 
 	region = aspace->virtual_map.region_list;
-	while(region != NULL) {
-		if(strcmp(region->name, name) == 0) {
+	for (; region != NULL; region = region->aspace_next) {
+		// ignore reserved space regions
+		if (region->id == RESERVED_REGION_ID)
+			continue;
+
+		if (strcmp(region->name, name) == 0) {
 			id = region->id;
 			break;
 		}
-		region = region->aspace_next;
 	}
 
 	release_sem_etc(aspace->virtual_map.sem, READ_COUNT, 0);
@@ -193,7 +198,7 @@ _vm_create_reserved_region_struct(vm_virtual_map *map)
 		return NULL;
 
 	memset(reserved, 0, sizeof(vm_region));
-	reserved->id = -1;
+	reserved->id = RESERVED_REGION_ID;
 		// this marks it as reserved space
 	reserved->map = map;
 
@@ -251,7 +256,7 @@ find_reserved_region(vm_virtual_map *map, addr_t start, addr_t size, vm_region *
 	while (next) {
 		if (next->base <= start && next->base + next->size >= start + size) {
 			// this region covers the requested range
-			if (next->id != -1) {
+			if (next->id != RESERVED_REGION_ID) {
 				// but it's not reserved space, it's a real region
 				return ERR_VM_NO_REGION_SLOT;
 			}
@@ -648,7 +653,7 @@ vm_unreserve_address_range(aspace_id aid, void *address, addr_t size)
 	area = addressSpace->virtual_map.region_list;
 	while (area) {
 		// the region must be completely part of the reserved range
-		if (area->id == -1 && area->base >= (addr_t)address
+		if (area->id == RESERVED_REGION_ID && area->base >= (addr_t)address
 			&& area->base + area->size <= (addr_t)address + size) {
 			// remove reserved range
 			vm_region *reserved = area;
@@ -1109,7 +1114,7 @@ vm_clone_region(aspace_id aid, char *name, void **address, int addr_type,
 	int err;
 
 	vm_address_space *aspace = vm_get_aspace_by_id(aid);
-	if(aspace == NULL)
+	if (aspace == NULL)
 		return ERR_VM_INVALID_ASPACE;
 
 	src_region = vm_get_region_by_id(source_region);
@@ -1128,10 +1133,10 @@ vm_clone_region(aspace_id aid, char *name, void **address, int addr_type,
 
 	vm_put_aspace(aspace);
 
-	if(err < 0)
+	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
-	else
-		return new_region->id;
+
+	return new_region->id;
 }
 
 
@@ -1191,25 +1196,29 @@ _vm_put_region(vm_region *region, bool aspace_locked)
 	vm_address_space *aspace;
 	bool removeit = false;
 
+	// we should never get here, but if we do, we can handle it
+	if (region->id == RESERVED_REGION_ID)
+		return;
+
 	acquire_sem_etc(region_hash_sem, WRITE_COUNT, 0, 0);
-	if(atomic_add(&region->ref_count, -1) == 1) {
+	if (atomic_add(&region->ref_count, -1) == 1) {
 		hash_remove(region_table, region);
 		removeit = true;
 	}
 	release_sem_etc(region_hash_sem, WRITE_COUNT, 0);
 
-	if(!removeit)
+	if (!removeit)
 		return;
 
 	aspace = region->aspace;
 
 	// remove the region from the aspace's virtual map
-	if(!aspace_locked)
+	if (!aspace_locked)
 		acquire_sem_etc(aspace->virtual_map.sem, WRITE_COUNT, 0, 0);
 	temp = aspace->virtual_map.region_list;
-	while(temp != NULL) {
-		if(region == temp) {
-			if(last != NULL) {
+	while (temp != NULL) {
+		if (region == temp) {
+			if (last != NULL) {
 				last->aspace_next = temp->aspace_next;
 			} else {
 				aspace->virtual_map.region_list = temp->aspace_next;
@@ -1220,12 +1229,12 @@ _vm_put_region(vm_region *region, bool aspace_locked)
 		last = temp;
 		temp = temp->aspace_next;
 	}
-	if(region == aspace->virtual_map.region_hint)
+	if (region == aspace->virtual_map.region_hint)
 		aspace->virtual_map.region_hint = NULL;
-	if(!aspace_locked)
+	if (!aspace_locked)
 		release_sem_etc(aspace->virtual_map.sem, WRITE_COUNT, 0);
 
-	if(temp == NULL)
+	if (temp == NULL)
 		panic("vm_region_release_ref: region not found in aspace's region_list\n");
 
 	vm_cache_remove_region(region->cache_ref, region);
@@ -1239,8 +1248,7 @@ _vm_put_region(vm_region *region, bool aspace_locked)
 	// now we can give up the last ref to the aspace
 	vm_put_aspace(aspace);
 
-	if(region->name)
-		free(region->name);
+	free(region->name);
 	free(region);
 
 	return;
@@ -1357,11 +1365,11 @@ dump_cache_ref(int argc, char **argv)
 	vm_region *region;
 	vm_cache_ref *cache_ref;
 
-	if(argc < 2) {
+	if (argc < 2) {
 		dprintf("cache_ref: not enough arguments\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if(strlen(argv[1]) < 2 || argv[1][0] != '0' || argv[1][1] != 'x') {
+	if (strlen(argv[1]) < 2 || argv[1][0] != '0' || argv[1][1] != 'x') {
 		dprintf("cache_ref: invalid argument, pass address\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -1374,7 +1382,7 @@ dump_cache_ref(int argc, char **argv)
 	dprintf("lock.holder: %ld\n", cache_ref->lock.holder);
 	dprintf("lock.sem: 0x%lx\n", cache_ref->lock.sem);
 	dprintf("region_list:\n");
-	for(region = cache_ref->region_list; region != NULL; region = region->cache_next) {
+	for (region = cache_ref->region_list; region != NULL; region = region->cache_next) {
 		dprintf(" region 0x%lx: ", region->id);
 		dprintf("base_addr = 0x%lx ", region->base);
 		dprintf("size = 0x%lx ", region->size);
@@ -1512,18 +1520,22 @@ dump_region(int argc, char **argv)
 
 
 region_id
-find_region_by_address(addr_t vaddress)
+find_region_by_address(addr_t address)
 {
 	vm_address_space *aspace;
 	vm_region *region;
-	region_id result=B_ERROR;
+	region_id result = B_ERROR;
 
 	aspace = vm_get_current_user_aspace();
-	for(region = aspace->virtual_map.region_list; region != NULL; region = region->aspace_next) 
-		{
-		if ((vaddress>=region->base) && (vaddress<=(region->base+region->size)))
-			result=region->id;
+	for (region = aspace->virtual_map.region_list; region != NULL; region = region->aspace_next) {
+		if (region->id == RESERVED_REGION_ID)
+			continue;
+
+		if (address >= region->base && address <= region->base + region->size) {
+			result = region->id;
+			break;
 		}
+	}
 	vm_put_aspace(aspace);
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1802,6 +1814,13 @@ vm_delete_aspace(aspace_id aid)
 	region = aspace->virtual_map.region_list;
 	while (region) {
 		next = region->aspace_next;
+		
+		if (region->id == RESERVED_REGION_ID) {
+			// just remove it
+			free(region);
+			region = next;
+			continue;
+		}
 		// decrement the ref on this region, may actually push the ref < 0, but that's okay
 		_vm_put_region(region, true);
 		region = next;
@@ -1889,7 +1908,7 @@ vm_thread_dump_max_commit(void *unused)
 
 	(void)(unused);
 
-	for(;;) {
+	for (;;) {
 		snooze(1000000);
 		if (oldmax != max_commit)
 			TRACE(("max_commit 0x%x\n", max_commit));
@@ -2103,7 +2122,8 @@ forbid_page_faults(void)
 }
 
 
-int vm_page_fault(addr_t address, addr_t fault_address, bool is_write, bool is_user, addr_t *newip)
+int
+vm_page_fault(addr_t address, addr_t fault_address, bool is_write, bool is_user, addr_t *newip)
 {
 	int err;
 
@@ -2443,6 +2463,9 @@ vm_virtual_map_lookup(vm_virtual_map *map, addr_t address)
 		return region;
 
 	for (region = map->region_list; region != NULL; region = region->aspace_next) {
+		if (region->id == RESERVED_REGION_ID)
+			continue;
+
 		if (region->base <= address && (region->base + region->size) > address)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -2452,17 +2475,23 @@ vm_virtual_map_lookup(vm_virtual_map *map, addr_t address)
 	return region;
 }
 
-int vm_get_physical_page(addr_t paddr, addr_t *vaddr, int flags)
+
+int
+vm_get_physical_page(addr_t paddr, addr_t *vaddr, int flags)
 {
 	return (*kernel_aspace->translation_map.ops->get_physical_page)(paddr, vaddr, flags);
 }
 
-int vm_put_physical_page(addr_t vaddr)
+
+int
+vm_put_physical_page(addr_t vaddr)
 {
 	return (*kernel_aspace->translation_map.ops->put_physical_page)(vaddr);
 }
 
-void vm_increase_max_commit(addr_t delta)
+
+void
+vm_increase_max_commit(addr_t delta)
 {
 	int state;
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/core/vm/vm_daemons.c b/src/kernel/core/vm/vm_daemons.c
index 8596f012a5..75de07443f 100755
--- a/src/kernel/core/vm/vm_daemons.c
+++ b/src/kernel/core/vm/vm_daemons.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 ** Copyright 2001, Travis Geiselbrecht. All rights reserved.
 ** Distributed under the terms of the NewOS License.
 */
+
 #include <kernel.h>
 #include <thread.h>
 #include <debug.h>
@@ -17,7 +18,9 @@ bool trimming_cycle;
 static addr free_memory_low_water;
 static addr free_memory_high_water;
 
-static void scan_pages(vm_address_space *aspace, addr free_target)
+
+static void
+scan_pages(vm_address_space *aspace, addr free_target)
 {
 	vm_region *first_region;
 	vm_region *region;
@@ -33,46 +36,52 @@ static void scan_pages(vm_address_space *aspace, addr free_target)
 	acquire_sem_etc(aspace->virtual_map.sem, READ_COUNT, 0, 0);
 
 	first_region = aspace->virtual_map.region_list;
-	while(first_region && (first_region->base + (first_region->size - 1)) < aspace->scan_va)
+	while (first_region && (first_region->base + (first_region->size - 1)) < aspace->scan_va)
 		first_region = first_region->aspace_next;
 
-	if(!first_region)
+	if (!first_region)
 		first_region = aspace->virtual_map.region_list;
 
-	if(!first_region) {
+	if (!first_region) {
 		release_sem_etc(aspace->virtual_map.sem, READ_COUNT, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	region = first_region;
-	for(;;) {
+	for (;;) {
+		// ignore reserved ranges
+		while (region != NULL && region->id == RESERVED_REGION_ID)
+			region = region->aspace_next;
+		if (region == NULL)
+			break;
+
 		// scan the pages in this region
 		mutex_lock(&region->cache_ref->lock);
-		if(!region->cache_ref->cache->scan_skip) {
+		if (!region->cache_ref->cache->scan_skip) {
 			for(va = region->base; va < (region->base + region->size); va += PAGE_SIZE) {
 				aspace->translation_map.ops->lock(&aspace->translation_map);
 				aspace->translation_map.ops->query(&aspace->translation_map, va, &pa, &flags);
-				if((flags & PAGE_PRESENT) == 0) {
+				if ((flags & PAGE_PRESENT) == 0) {
 					aspace->translation_map.ops->unlock(&aspace->translation_map);
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				page = vm_lookup_page(pa / PAGE_SIZE);
-				if(!page) {
+				if (!page) {
 					aspace->translation_map.ops->unlock(&aspace->translation_map);
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				// see if this page is busy, if it is lets forget it and move on
-				if(page->state == PAGE_STATE_BUSY || page->state == PAGE_STATE_WIRED) {
+				if (page->state == PAGE_STATE_BUSY || page->state == PAGE_STATE_WIRED) {
 					aspace->translation_map.ops->unlock(&aspace->translation_map);
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				flags2 = 0;
-				if(free_target > 0) {
+				if (free_target > 0) {
 					// look for a page we can steal
-					if(!(flags & PAGE_ACCESSED) && page->state == PAGE_STATE_ACTIVE) {
+					if (!(flags & PAGE_ACCESSED) && page->state == PAGE_STATE_ACTIVE) {
 						// unmap the page
 						aspace->translation_map.ops->unmap(&aspace->translation_map, va, va + PAGE_SIZE);
 
@@ -87,7 +96,7 @@ static void scan_pages(vm_address_space *aspace, addr free_target)
 
 						// decrement the ref count on the page. If we just unmapped it for the last time,
 						// put the page on the inactive list
-						if(atomic_add(&page->ref_count, -1) == 1) {
+						if (atomic_add(&page->ref_count, -1) == 1) {
 							vm_page_set_state(page, PAGE_STATE_INACTIVE);
 							free_target--;
 						}
@@ -95,23 +104,23 @@ static void scan_pages(vm_address_space *aspace, addr free_target)
 				}
 
 				// if the page is modified, but the state is active or inactive, put it on the modified list
-				if(((flags & PAGE_MODIFIED) || (flags2 & PAGE_MODIFIED))
+				if (((flags & PAGE_MODIFIED) || (flags2 & PAGE_MODIFIED))
 					&& (page->state == PAGE_STATE_ACTIVE || page->state == PAGE_STATE_INACTIVE)) {
 					vm_page_set_state(page, PAGE_STATE_MODIFIED);
 				}
 
 				aspace->translation_map.ops->unlock(&aspace->translation_map);
-				if(--quantum == 0)
+				if (--quantum == 0)
 					break;
 			}
 		}
 		mutex_unlock(&region->cache_ref->lock);
 		// move to the next region, wrapping around and stopping if we get back to the first region
 		region = region->aspace_next ? region->aspace_next : aspace->virtual_map.region_list;
-		if(region == first_region)
+		if (region == first_region)
 			break;
 
-		if(quantum == 0)
+		if (quantum == 0)
 			break;
 	}
 
@@ -121,6 +130,7 @@ static void scan_pages(vm_address_space *aspace, addr free_target)
 //	dprintf("exiting scan_pages\n");
 }
 
+
 static int32
 page_daemon(void *unused)
 {
@@ -135,31 +145,31 @@ page_daemon(void *unused)
 	dprintf("page daemon starting\n");
 	(void)unused;
 
-	for(;;) {
+	for (;;) {
 		snooze(PAGE_DAEMON_INTERVAL);
 
 		// scan through all of the address spaces
 		vm_aspace_walk_start(&i);
 		aspace = vm_aspace_walk_next(&i);
-		while(aspace) {
+		while (aspace) {
 			mapped_size = aspace->translation_map.ops->get_mapped_size(&aspace->translation_map);
 
 //			dprintf("page_daemon: looking at aspace 0x%x, id 0x%x, mapped size %d\n", aspace, aspace->id, mapped_size);
 
 			now = system_time();
-			if(now - aspace->last_working_set_adjust > WORKING_SET_ADJUST_INTERVAL) {
+			if (now - aspace->last_working_set_adjust > WORKING_SET_ADJUST_INTERVAL) {
 				faults_per_second = (aspace->fault_count * 1000000) / (now - aspace->last_working_set_adjust);
 //				dprintf("  faults_per_second = %d\n", faults_per_second);
 				aspace->last_working_set_adjust = now;
 				aspace->fault_count = 0;
 
-				if(faults_per_second > MAX_FAULTS_PER_SECOND
+				if (faults_per_second > MAX_FAULTS_PER_SECOND
 					&& mapped_size >= aspace->working_set_size
 					&& aspace->working_set_size < aspace->max_working_set) {
 
 					aspace->working_set_size += WORKING_SET_INCREMENT;
 //					dprintf("  new working set size = %d\n", aspace->working_set_size);
-				} else if(faults_per_second < MIN_FAULTS_PER_SECOND
+				} else if (faults_per_second < MIN_FAULTS_PER_SECOND
 					&& mapped_size <= aspace->working_set_size
 					&& aspace->working_set_size > aspace->min_working_set) {
 
@@ -169,14 +179,14 @@ page_daemon(void *unused)
 			}
 
 			// decide if we need to enter or leave the trimming cycle
-			if(!trimming_cycle && vm_page_num_free_pages() < free_memory_low_water)
+			if (!trimming_cycle && vm_page_num_free_pages() < free_memory_low_water)
 				trimming_cycle = true;
-			else if(trimming_cycle && vm_page_num_free_pages() > free_memory_high_water)
+			else if (trimming_cycle && vm_page_num_free_pages() > free_memory_high_water)
 				trimming_cycle = false;
 
 			// scan some pages, trying to free some if needed
 			free_memory_target = 0;
-			if(trimming_cycle && mapped_size > aspace->working_set_size)
+			if (trimming_cycle && mapped_size > aspace->working_set_size)
 				free_memory_target = mapped_size - aspace->working_set_size;
 
 			scan_pages(aspace, free_memory_target);